econotore.blogg.se - Weinstein 1986 google scholar unrealistic optimism

Optimistic people have reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-related mortality compared with their less optimistic peers. Customer Service and Ordering Information.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.

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Understanding the effects that one's family history has on multiple disease risks will be important for public health initiatives that seek to inform risk appraisal, to influence disease perceptions, or to match preventive interventions to existing perceptions of risk. Comparative disease ratings and spillover effects revealed in the FHITr study may become increasingly germane to the field of genomics, where simultaneous assessment of innumerable disease risks will become increasingly commonplace. In future research, measurement of additional variables related to the personal meaning of family history and the use of qualitative methods, in the context of a theoretical framework, are needed to better understand patients' formulations of disease perceptions. Putative barriers to screening, such as optimistic bias and perceptions about family history that are incongruent with medical interpretations, present unique opportunities to better understand patients' formulation of risk and ultimately to influence health behaviors. The efficacy of tailored risk communication for influencing risk perception and screening adherence is largely unmapped territory and is ripe for research on family history elements.

This creates an opportunity for a public health education approach, which could influence the uptake of family history-based referral and lead to greater adherence to screening recommendations. For example, female primary care patients seem to have a limited understanding of the relevance of their age or paternal family history for cancer susceptibility. This work identifies key areas for consideration in ongoing research in message design and tailored feedback used to encourage healthy behaviors. The variables selected for inclusion in the final multivariable model ( Table 3) were, in decreasing order of magnitude: any first-degree relatives with BC (OR: 5.95 95% CI: 4.41–8.01), total number of relatives with BC (OR: 2.35 95% CI: 2.03–2.72), mother with early onset BC or OC (OR: 2.42 95% CI: 1.48–3.94), age per 10 years (OR: 0.80 95% CI: 0.73–0.88), and cancer on the paternal side (OR: 0.80 95% CI: 0.65–0.99). The most significant predictor by far was having any first-degree relatives with BC (OR: 16.1 95% confidence interval : 12.6–20.6 in univariate testing). Many elements of family history were significantly related to perceived risk of BC ( Table 3). We found that 18.3% of women perceived their risk of BC as higher or much higher than average, whereas 24.2% perceived their risk as lower or much lower than average. The distributions of risk perception for BC, OC, and CC are summarized in Table 2. Similar analyses were performed for all four disease perceptions pertaining to each type of cancer. This section illustrates the analysis of family history elements and perceived risk for BC.